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Black Swan

Causal Labs

Real-World Evidence
and Causal Inference
at the frontier of
Artificial Intelligence.

Real-world evidence at the AI frontier: program design, study architecture, agentic systems, and the regulatory craft to defend them. Practitioner-led.

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When assumptions meet new evidence

For centuries, the belief that all swans were white seemed justified. Then a single black swan proved otherwise. The metaphor is a reminder that even well-supported assumptions can change when new evidence comes into view.

Black Swan Causal Labs is built around that premise. In real-world health data, the signals that overturn assumptions are often the ones conventional methods miss.

Our Mission

Black Swan Causal Labs exists to find the signals that change practice

We apply AI and causal inference to surface evidence hidden in real-world data, so better decisions reach patients sooner. Our work spans strategy, tooling, and training across the full evidence lifecycle.

What We Offer

AI & RWE Program Design

Strategic engagements that turn "we should be using AI" into a concrete operating model: which evidence questions to automate, what to keep human-led, where the regulatory line sits, and how to govern it.

Agentic AI Architecture & MCP

Multi-agent systems, orchestration layers, and MCP server development for pharmacoepidemiology and RWE workflows. Built to operate inside your data environment, with audit trails regulators can read.

Causal Inference & Study Design

Study design and causal inference that spans the product lifecycle from preclinical through post-licensure: burden of disease, natural history, risk factor characterization, effectiveness, safety, and target trial emulation.

AI Fluency & Enterprise Enablement

Practitioner-led training and advisory that scales RWE teams and the systems around them from AI-curious to AI-fluent, and eventually AI-native. Capability building, workflow redesign, and the governance scaffolding to make adoption stick.

Regulatory & Policy Strategy

Practical interpretation of AI and RWE guidance across the global evidence ecosystem: regulators (FDA, EMA, ICH), payers and HTAs, NITAGs, and bodies like WHO and CIOMS. What to document, what to validate, what to defend in evolving policy environments.

AI Tools Built for
Practitioners, by Practitioners

A hand-sketched directed acyclic graph on paper, resting on a desk #CAUSALINFERENCE

DAG Studio

A browser-based DAG editor and MCP server for pharmacoepidemiology and real-world evidence. Backdoor paths, adjustment sets, and identifiability checks, computed locally.

Read more v0.1.0
#COMINGSOON

In Active Development

A second purpose-built tool for pharmacoepidemiology and real-world evidence teams is in active development. Details to follow.

In progress

Latest Thinking

AI Agents and Idiot Sandwiches
Agent Architecture for RWE
New

AI Agents and
Idiot Sandwiches

A note on agent architecture for RWE teams. Why one agent doing everything cooks like a stressed-out home cook, and what the brigade model offers instead.

Every Study Is on the Causal Ladder
Causal Inference in Practice
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Every Study Is on
the Causal Ladder

Pearl's ladder gives us a way to read any paper with one question first: which rung is this research question on, and does the design have the equipment to answer it?

AI & Pharmacoepidemiology
AI & Pharmacoepidemiology
Coming Soon

AI & Pharmaco­epidemiology

Where large language models meet real-world evidence, and where the hype ends and the hard methodological questions begin.

Regulatory Readiness
Regulatory Readiness
Coming Soon

Regulatory
Readiness

What FDA, EMA, and ICH guidance actually means for teams building AI-assisted RWE. Documentation, accountability, and what regulators want to see.

RWE Study Design
RWE Study Design
Coming Soon

RWE Study
Design

Target trial emulation, covariate selection, and the choices that make or break a pharmacoepi study, before you touch the data.

Advance Real World Evidence
Together.

Whether you're exploring a consulting engagement, a research collaboration, or an industry partnership, we'd like to hear about your work.

Based In Los Angeles, California
Focus Pharmacoepidemiology & Real-World Evidence
Entity Black Swan Causal Labs, LLC